Jackson faced a challenge to the federal union when South Carolina threat to nullify a high protective tariff set by the federal government. This act, which has been described as ethnic cleansing, displaced tens of thousands of Native Americans from their ancestral homelands east of the Mississippi and resulted in thousands of deaths.
In 1830, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act.
Jackson ran again in 1828, defeating Adams in a landslide. Jackson's supporters alleged that there was a " corrupt bargain" between Adams and Clay and began creating their own political organization that would eventually become the Democratic Party. The House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams in a contingent election with Henry Clay casting the deciding vote. He won a plurality of the popular and electoral vote, but no candidate won an electoral majority. Jackson briefly served as Florida's first territorial governor before returning to the Senate. forces in the First Seminole War, which led to the annexation of Florida from Spain. In the concurrent war against the British, Jackson's victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 made him a national hero. The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek to surrender vast tracts of present-day Alabama and Georgia. He led troops during the Red Stick War of 1813–1814, winning the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. In 1801, he was appointed colonel of the Tennessee militia and was elected its commander the following year. Jackson purchased a property later known as the Hermitage, becoming a wealthy planter who owned hundreds of African American slaves. After resigning, he served as a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 until 1804. He served briefly in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate, representing Tennessee. He became a frontier lawyer and married Rachel Donelson Robards. Jackson was born in the colonial Carolinas before the American Revolutionary War. Although often praised as an advocate for ordinary Americans and for his work in preserving the union of states, Jackson has also been criticized for his racial policies, particularly his treatment of Native Americans. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Andrew Jackson (Ma– June 8, 1845) was an American lawyer, planter, general, and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837.
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